我國新能源市場小型環衛車占主流

在(zai)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供應和環(huan)境(jing)保護的(de)(de)壓力下，發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)已被列(lie)入國家戰略。《國務(wu)(wu)院辦(ban)公(gong)廳關于加快新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)推(tui)廣(guang)應用(yong)的(de)(de)指導意(yi)見》（國辦(ban)發(fa)〔2014〕35號）提出以純電(dian)驅(qu)動為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)主要戰略取向，把公(gong)共服務(wu)(wu)領域(yu)用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)作為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)推(tui)廣(guang)應用(yong)的(de)(de)突破(po)口。環(huan)衛系統作為(wei)公(gong)共服務(wu)(wu)領域(yu)的(de)(de)一(yi)部(bu)分，各新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)示范推(tui)廣(guang)城市政府也將(jiang)購(gou)買(mai)使用(yong)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環(huan)衛車(che)(che)(che)作為(wei)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)汽車(che)(che)(che)推(tui)廣(guang)應用(yong)工作計劃的(de)(de)一(yi)部(bu)分。

　　截止到(dao)工信(xin)部《車(che)(che)輛(liang)生產企業及產品》第273批公告(gao)，純電動(dong)環(huan)(huan)衛車(che)(che)有效公告(gao)已達(da)到(dao)207個，涉(she)及46家環(huan)(huan)衛車(che)(che)輛(liang)改裝企業19種(zhong)車(che)(che)型。目前(qian)的純電動(dong)環(huan)(huan)衛車(che)(che)可按照垃圾收(shou)集轉(zhuan)運車(che)(che)、糞便車(che)(che)、路面保(bao)潔(jie)作業車(che)(che)分為三大(da)類。

　　純電動環衛車車型公告情況表

　　目(mu)前，純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)衛車(che)(che)(che)(che)主要使用東風、福(fu)田、江(jiang)淮、凱馬、躍進的(de)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)底(di)盤(pan)進行(xing)改裝，還有長安、江(jiang)鈴(ling)、達福(fu)迪、恒潤、中聯、森源、清(qing)源、通家福(fu)、泓鋒泰、揚子江(jiang)、黑(hei)龍江(jiang)、陸地方舟(zhou)、海德等品牌的(de)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)底(di)盤(pan)目(mu)前只在本企業生產的(de)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)衛車(che)(che)(che)(che)車(che)(che)(che)(che)型上(shang)使用。從公(gong)告發布車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)類(lei)(lei)型看，純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)垃圾(ji)(ji)車(che)(che)(che)(che)、純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)廂(xiang)式垃圾(ji)(ji)車(che)(che)(che)(che)、純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)垃圾(ji)(ji)轉運車(che)(che)(che)(che)實際上(shang)都(dou)屬于(yu)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)自(zi)卸式垃圾(ji)(ji)車(che)(che)(che)(che)一類(lei)(lei)，純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)道路清(qing)掃(sao)車(che)(che)(che)(che)屬于(yu)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)掃(sao)路車(che)(che)(che)(che)一類(lei)(lei)，總質量3.5 t以下的(de)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)路面養護車(che)(che)(che)(che)屬于(yu)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)清(qing)洗車(che)(che)(che)(che)一類(lei)(lei)。

　　按純電(dian)動環衛車各類公告車型的(de)總質量分布進(jin)行匯(hui)總分析(xi)，如圖(tu)所示。

　　純電動環衛車公告車型總質量分布情況圖

　　從圖(tu)中可以(yi)看出，截止到工信(xin)部《車輛生產(chan)企業及產(chan)品公(gong)告(gao)(gao)》（第273批），總(zong)質量(liang)集中在2000～2500 kg范圍的(de)(de)公(gong)告(gao)(gao)車型(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)較多(duo)，其中純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)動自(zi)卸式(shi)垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)車、純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)動自(zi)裝卸垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)車、純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)動車廂可卸式(shi)垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)車以(yi)及純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)動桶(tong)裝垃(la)圾(ji)(ji)運輸(shu)車總(zong)質量(liang)在此區(qu)間的(de)(de)公(gong)告(gao)(gao)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)分別是17、12、25和15個，占公(gong)告(gao)(gao)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)1/3。另外(wai)總(zong)質量(liang)在3000～3500 kg范圍的(de)(de)車型(xing)(xing)公(gong)告(gao)(gao)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)也達到40個，占公(gong)告(gao)(gao)總(zong)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)的(de)(de)近1/5。可見，總(zong)質量(liang)3.5 t以(yi)下小型(xing)(xing)純(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)動環(huan)衛(wei)車占市場的(de)(de)主流。

　　純電動環衛車生產企業公告情況圖

　　純電動環衛車前15家企業公(gong)告占比

　　截止(zhi)到工信部(bu)《車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye)(ye)及產(chan)品(pin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)》（第273批），純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)環(huan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)車(che)(che)(che)(che)前15家企業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)數(shu)量合(he)計153個，占比73.9%。其中北(bei)(bei)(bei)京華林(lin)特裝車(che)(che)(che)(che)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)和(he)北(bei)(bei)(bei)京天路通科技(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)(xian)責任(ren)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)是最早一(yi)批擁有(you)(you)(you)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)環(huan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)車(che)(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)（《車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)企業(ye)(ye)及產(chan)品(pin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)》第193批）的(de)改裝企業(ye)(ye)，兩家企業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告(gao)發(fa)布的(de)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)環(huan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)車(che)(che)(che)(che)車(che)(che)(che)(che)型分別是純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)垃(la)圾壓縮(suo)車(che)(che)(che)(che)和(he)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)吸塵車(che)(che)(che)(che)。早在2008年，北(bei)(bei)(bei)京市環(huan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)集團(tuan)旗(qi)下北(bei)(bei)(bei)京華林(lin)特裝車(che)(che)(che)(che)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)華林(lin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)就(jiu)分別與北(bei)(bei)(bei)京理工大學電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛國(guo)(guo)家工程(cheng)實驗室、北(bei)(bei)(bei)汽(qi)福田汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)股份有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)工程(cheng)研究院、一(yi)汽(qi)解放青(qing)島汽(qi)車(che)(che)(che)(che)廠研發(fa)部(bu)等簽訂(ding)了技(ji)(ji)術(shu)合(he)作協議，聯合(he)研發(fa)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)壓縮(suo)式垃(la)圾車(che)(che)(che)(che)和(he)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)灑水車(che)(che)(che)(che)。2009年北(bei)(bei)(bei)京華林(lin)特裝車(che)(che)(che)(che)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)華林(lin)牌HLT5074ZYSEV純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)壓縮(suo)式垃(la)圾車(che)(che)(che)(che)和(he)HLT5162GSSEV純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)灑水車(che)(che)(che)(che)相繼宣告(gao)問世(shi)，北(bei)(bei)(bei)京天路通科技(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)(xian)責任(ren)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)天路牌BTL5072TSLEV純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)吸塵車(che)(che)(che)(che)和(he)中聯重(zhong)科股份有(you)(you)(you)限(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)中聯牌ZLJ5071TSL純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)掃(sao)路車(che)(che)(che)(che)也相繼投放于市場，這標(biao)志(zhi)著我(wo)國(guo)(guo)純(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)環(huan)衛(wei)(wei)(wei)車(che)(che)(che)(che)的(de)誕生(sheng)(sheng)。

　　從《車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)生(sheng)(sheng)產企(qi)業(ye)及產品(pin)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)》第193批發(fa)布誕生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)第一批純電(dian)(dian)動環衛車(che)(che)(che)(che)產品(pin)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)到(dao)第273批發(fa)布的(de)(de)純電(dian)(dian)動環衛車(che)(che)(che)(che)產品(pin)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)，具(ju)有(you)純電(dian)(dian)動環衛車(che)(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產企(qi)業(ye)由起初的(de)(de)2家(jia)(jia)發(fa)展到(dao)的(de)(de)46家(jia)(jia)，純電(dian)(dian)動環衛車(che)(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)數量也由最初的(de)(de)2個增長到(dao)207個。到(dao)目前為止，有(you)部分改(gai)裝企(qi)業(ye)生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)純電(dian)(dian)動環衛車(che)(che)(che)(che)不(bu)在(zai)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)之(zhi)列，屬(shu)于純電(dian)(dian)動環衛機械，無需車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)或沒有(you)車(che)(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)(liang)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)資質，還有(you)部分環衛車(che)(che)(che)(che)生(sheng)(sheng)產企(qi)業(ye)開發(fa)的(de)(de)純電(dian)(dian)動環衛車(che)(che)(che)(che)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)正在(zai)申報(bao)或公(gong)(gong)示發(fa)布之(zhi)中(zhong)。